Études cliniques majeures

Cette section est destinée au lecteur intéressé à consulter les études cliniques majeures dans le domaine de l’hypertension. Le choix éditorial des études qui y apparaissent a été basé sur leur importance et leur impact sur la pratique médicale. Il est important de noter que plusieurs de ces études ont servi de base aux lignes directrices des différentes sociétés et organismes en hypertension. Afin de maintenir à jour cette liste, nous vous invitons à nous faire connaître toute étude majeure qui n’y apparaîtra pas.

ACCELERATE : Aliskiren and the calcium channel blocker amlodipine combination as an initial treatment strategy for hypertension control: a randomised, parallel-group trial. MJ Brown et al. Lancet 2011; 377: 312–320.

ACCOMPLISH, sous-analyse néphropathie : Renal outcomes with different fixed-dose combination therapies in patients with hypertension at high risk for cardiovascular events : a prespecified secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial. GL Bakris et al. Lancet 2010; 375: 1173–81.

ACCOMPLISH main : (Benazepril plus Amlodipine or Hydrochlorothiazide for Hypertension in High-Risk Patients) Kenneth Jamerson et al. N Eng J Med. 2008 December 4; 359(23):2417-46.

ACCORD-BP : Effects of Intensive Blood-Pressure Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. WC Cushman et al. N Engl J Med 2010; 362: 1575-85.

ACTIVE I: (The Atrial Fibrillation Clopidogrel Trial with Irbesartan for Prevention of Vascular Events) Irbesartan in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. S Yusuf et al. N Engl J Med 2011; 364: 928-38.

ADVANCE : Patel A, MacMahon S, Chalmers J, et al. Effects of a fixed combination of perindopril and indapamide on macrovascular and microvascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the ADVANCE trial): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2007 Sep 8;370 (9590):829-40.

AIRE : (The Acute Infarction Ramipril Efficacy) Effect of ramipril on mortality and morbidity of survivors of acute myocardial infarction with clinical evidence of heart failure. The Acute Infarction Ramipril Efficacy Study Investigators. Lancet 1993 Oct 2; 342 (8875):821-8.

ALLHAT 2000: (The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial) Major cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients randomized to doxazosin vs chlorthalidone. JAMA April 19, 2000, Vol 283 No 15, 1967-75.

ALLHAT 2002 : (The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial) Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic: The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial. JAMA2002 Dec 18; 288(23):2981-97.

AMADEO : Telmisartan is more effective than losartan in reducing proteinuria in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Bakris G. et al. Kidney International 2008 August; 74:364–9.

ARA et CANCER : Antihypertensive drugs and risk of cancer: network meta-analyses and trial sequential analyses of 324,168 participants from randomised trials. S Bangalore et al. Lancet Oncol 2011; 12: 65–82.

ASCOT-BPLA : (The Anglo Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial- Blood Pressure Lowering Arm). Dahlof B. et al. Prevention of cardiovascular events with an antihyper-tensive regimen of amlodipine adding perindopril as required versus atenolol adding bendroflumethiazide as required, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Blood Pressure Lowering Arm: a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2005 Sep 10-16; 366(9489):895-906.

ASCOT-LLA : (The Anglo Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial-Lipid Lowering Arm). Sever PS et al. Prevention of coronary and stroke events with atorvastatin in hypertensive patients who have average or lowerthan-average cholesterol concentrations, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial Lipid Lowering Arm: a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2003 Apr 5; 361(9364):1149-58.

ATLAS : Packer M et al. Comparative effects of low and high doses of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, lisinopril, on morbidity and mortality in chronic heart failure. ATLAS Study Group. Circulation 1999 Dec 7; 100(23):2312-8.

AVOID  : Aliskiren Combined with Losartan in Type 2 Diabetes and Nephropathy. HH Parving et al. N Engl J Med 2008; 358: 2433-46.

AVOID : (Aliskiren Combined with Losartan in Type 2 Diabetes and Nephropathy) Hans-Henrik Parving et al. N Eng J Med. 2008 June 5; 358(23):2433-46.

BENEDICT-B : Effects of verapamil added-on trandolapril therapy in hypertensive type 2 diabetes patients with microalbuminuria: the BENEDICT-B randomized trial. P Ruggenenti et al. J Hypertens 2011; 29: 207–216.

Booth : Booth GL et al. Relation between age and cardiovascular disease in men and women with diabetes compared with non-diabetic people: a population-based retrospective cohort study. Lancet 2006 Jul1; 368(9529):29-36.

CAPPP : (The Captopril Prevention Project) Effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition compared with conventional therapy on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertension: the Captopril Prevention Project randomised trial. Lancet 1999 Feb 20; 353(9153):611-6.

CHARM : (The Candesartan in Heart failure: Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity) Demers C. et al. for the CHARM Investigators. Impact of candesartan on non-fatal myocardial infarction and cardiovascular death in patients with heart failure. JAMA 2005 Oct 12; Vol. 294 (14), pp. 1794-8.

CHEP-Dx : (The Canadian Hypertension Education Program) Hemmelgarn BR et al. The 2006 Canadian Hypertension Education Program recommendations for the management of hypertension: Part I—Blood pressure measurement, diagnosis and assessment of risk. Can J Cardiol. 2006 May 15; 22(7):583-93.

CHEP-Rx : (The Canadian Hypertension Education Program) Khan NA et al. The 2006 Canadian Hypertension Education Program recommendations for the management of hypertension: Part II -Therapy. Can J Cardiol. 2006 May 15;22(7):583-93.

CHS/SCHTA pregnancy : Report of the Canadian Hypertension Society Consensus Conference: 1. Definitions, evaluation and classification of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. CMAJ 1997 Sep 15; 157(6):715-25.

CHS/SCHTA pregnancy : Report of the Canadian Hypertension Society Consensus Conference: 3. Pharmacologic treatment of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. CMAJ. 1997 Nov 1; 157(9):1245-54.

CIBIS : (The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study) Willenheimer R et al. Effect on survival and hospitalization of initiating treatment for chronic heart failure with bisoprolol followed by enalapril, as compared with the opposite sequence: results of the randomized Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study III. Circulation 2005 Oct 18; 112(16):2426-3.

COPERNICUS : (The Carvedilol Prospective Randomized Cumulative Survival Study) Krum H et al. Effects of initiating carvedilol in patients with severe chronic heart failure: results from the COPERNICUS Study. JAMA 2003 Feb 12; 289(6):712-8.

DASH : Effects on blood pressure of reduced dietary sodium and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. DASH-Sodium Collaborative Research Group. N Engl J Med. 2001 Jan 4; 344(1):3-10. Effects of diet and sodium intake on blood pressure: subgroup analysis of the DASH-sodium trial. Ann Intern Med. 2001 Dec 18; 135(12):1019-28.

ELITE : Randomised trial of losartan versus captopril in patients over 65 with heart failure (Evaluation of Losartan in the Elderly Study, ELITE) Lancet 1997 Mar 15; 349(9054):747-52.

ELITE II : Effect of losartan compared with captopril on mortality in patients with symptomatic heart failure: randomised trial—the Losartan Heart Failure Survival Study ELITE II. Lancet 2000 May 6; 355(9215):1582-7.

Evans : Evans JM et al. Comparison of cardiovascular risk between patients with type 2 diabetes and those who had had a myocardial infarction: cross sectional and cohort studies. BMJ 2002 Apr 20; 324(7343):939-42.

EWPHE : (European Working Party on High Blood Pressure in the Elderly) Influence of hypotensive drug treatment in elderly hypertensives: study terminating events in the trial of the European Working Party on High Blood Pressure in the Elderly. J Hy-pertens Suppl 1985 Dec; 3 Suppl 3:S501-11.

EUROPA : (European Trial On Reduction Of Cardiac Events With Perindopril In Stable Coronary Artery Disease) Fox KM. Efficacy of perindopril in reduction of cardiovascular events among patients with stable coronary artery disease: randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial. Lancet 2003 Sep 6; 362(9386):782-8.

FEVER : The Felodipine Event Reduction Study: a randomized long-term placebo-controlled trial in Chinese hypertensive patients Lisbeng L. et al. J Hypertens 2005 Dec; 23:2157-72.

Gueyffier F. : Antihypertensive drugs in very old people: a subgroup meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. INDANA Group. Lancet 1999 Mar 6; 353(9155):793-6.

Global Burden of Disease 1990-2015 : Global Burden of Disease Risk Factors Collaborators. Global, regional and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2015. Lancet. 2016 Oct 8;388(10053):1659-1724.

Haffner : Haffner SM et al. Mortality from coronary heart disease in subjects with type 2 diabetes and in nondiabetic subjects with and without prior myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1998 Jul 23; 339(4):229-34.

HIGH-NORMAL BLOOD PRESSURE : Impact of high-normal blood pressure on the risk of Cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med. 2001 Nov 1; 345(18):1291-7.

HOT : (The Hypertension Optimal Treatment) HOT Study Group. Effects of intensive blood pressure lowering and low-dose aspirin in patients with hypertension: principal results of the Hypertension Optimal Treatment randomised trial. Lancet 1998 Jun 13; 351(9118):1755-62.

HOPE Design : The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study: the design of a large, simple randomized trial of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ramipril) and vitamin E in patients at high risk of cardiovascular events. The HOPE study investigators. Can J Cardiol 1996 Feb; 12(2):127-37.

HOPE : (The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation) The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. Effects of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med 2000 Jan 20; 342(3):145-53.

HPS : (The Heart Protection Study) Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20,536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2002 Jul 6; 360(9326):7-22.

HYVET : Blood pressure control in the Hypertension in the Very Elderly Trial. CJ Bulpitt et al. J Hum Hypertens 2011: 1–7.

HYVET : (The treatment of Hypertension in Patients 80 Years of Age or Older), Nigel S. et al. N Eng J Med. 2008 May 1; 358(18):1887-98

HYVET-PILOT : (The Hypertension in the Very Elderly Trial) Bulpitt CJ et al. Results of the pilot study for the Hypertension in the Very Elderly Trial. J Hypertens 2003 Dec; 21(12):2409-17.

IDACO : Hansen TW, Kikuya M, Thijs L, et al. IDACO Investigators. Prognostic superiority of daytime ambulatory over conventional blood pressure in four populations: a meta-analysis of 7,030 individuals. J Hypertens 2007 Aug;25(8):1554-64.

IDNT : (The Irbesartan in Diabetic Nephropathy Trial) Renoprotective effect of the angiotensin-receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2001 Sep 20; 345(12):851-60.

INSIGHT : (The International Nifedipine GITS study Intervention as a Goal in Hypertension) Morbidity and mortality in patients randomised to double-blind treatment with a long-acting calcium channel blocker or diuretic in the International Nifedipine GITS study: Intervention as a Goal in Hypertension Treatment. Lancet 2000 Jul 29; 356(9227):366-72.

Intensive Blood Pressure Control in Hypertensive Chronic Kidney Disease : LJ Appel et al. N Engl J Med 2010; 363: 918-29.

INVEST : (The International Verapamil-Trandolapril Study ), Pepine CJ et al. A calcium antagonist vs a non-calcium antagonist hypertension treatment strategy for patients with coronary artery disease. The International Verapamil-Trandolapril Study: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2003 Dec 3; 290(21):2805-16.

IRMA-II : The effect of irbesartan on the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2001 Sep 20; 345(12):870-8.

Jikei Heart Study : Mochizuki S, Dahlöf B, Shimizu M, et al. Valsartan in a Japanese population with hypertension and other cardiovascular disease (Jikei Heart Study): a randomised, open-label, blinded endpoint morbidity-mortality study. Lancet 2007 Apr 28;369(9571):1431-9.

JNC VII : Chobanian AV, et al. Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Hypertension 2003 Dec; 42(6):1206-52.

Laffel : The beneficial effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitionwith captopril on diabetic nephropathy in normotensive IDDM patients with microalbuminuria. North American Microalbuminuria Study Group. Am J Med 1995 Nov; 99(5): 497-504.

Lewis 1 : The effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition on diabetic nephropathy. The Collaborative Study Group. N Engl J Med 1993 Nov 11; 329(20):1456-62.

LIFE : Dahlöf B, Devereux RB, Kjeldsen SE, Julius S, Beevers G, de Faire U, Fyhrquist F, Ibsen H, Kristiansson K, Lederballe-Pedersen O, Lindholm LH, Nieminen MS, Omvik P, Oparil S, Wedel H; LIFE Study Group. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study: a randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet. 2002 Mar 23;359(9311):995-1003.

MERIT-HF : (The Metoprolol CR/XL Randomized Intervention Trial in congestive Heart Failure study), Hjalmarson A et al. Effects of controlled-release metoprolol on total mortality, hospitalizations, and well-being in patients with heart failure: the Metoprolol CR/XL Randomized Intervention Trial in congestive heart failure JAMA 2000 Mar 8; 283(10):1295-302.

Méta-analyse HCTZ : Antihypertensive Efficacy of Hydrochlorothiazide as Evaluated by Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials. FH Messerli, et al. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011; 57(5): 590-600.

Méta-analyse Wald : Combination Therapy Versus Monotherapy in Reducing Blood Pressure: Meta-analysis on 11,000 Participants from 42 Trials. DS Wald et al. The American Journal of Medicine 2009; 122: 290-300.

MICRO HOPE : Effects of ramipril on cardiovascular and microvascular outcomes in people with diabetes mellitus: results of the HOPE study and MICROHOPE substudy. Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. Lancet 2000 Jan 22; 355(9200):253-9.

MRC-1 : MRC trial of treatment of mild hypertension: principal results. Medical Research Council Working Party. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1985 Jul 13; 291(6488):97-104.

MRC-2 : Medical Research Council trial of treatment of hypertension in older adults: principal results. MRC Working Party. BMJ 1992 Feb 15; 304(6824):405-12.

MRFIT : Mortality after 16 years for participants randomized to the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Circulation 1996 Sep 1; 94(5):946-51.

NAVIGATOR : Effect of Valsartan on the Incidence of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Events. JJ McMurray et al. N Engl J Med 2010; 362: 1477-90.

NORDIL : Randomised trial of effects of calcium antagonists compared with diuretics and beta-blockers on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertension: the Nordic Diltiazem (NORDIL) study. Lancet 2000 Jul 29; 356(9227):359-65.

ONTARGET : (A Simplified Approach to the Treatment of Uncomplicated Hypertension) A Cluster Randomized, Controlled Trial. Feldman Ross D. et al., Hypertension 2009; 53:646-653.

ONTARGET et TRANSCEND, sous-analyses : Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes With Telmisartan, Ramipril, or Both in People at High Renal Risk: Results From the ONTARGET and TRANSCEND Studies. SW Tobe, et al. Circulation. 2011; 123: 1098-1107.

ONTARIO SURVEY : Results of the Ontario Survey on the Prevalence and Control of Hypertension. FHH Leenen et al. CMAJ 2008; 178(11): 1441-9.

ONTARIO SURVEY : (Results of the Ontario Survey on the Prevalence and Control of Hypertension). Leenen Frans H. H. et al., CMAJ 2008 May 20; 178(11):1441-49.

PEACE : (The Prevention of Events with the Converting Enzyme Inhibition Trial.) Braunwald E, D et al. Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition in stable coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 2004 Nov 11; 351(20):2058-68.

PRAISE II : (The Prospective Randomized Amlodipine Survival Evaluation Study), Packer M et al. Effect of amlodipine on morbidity and mortality in severe chronic heart failure. Prospective Randomized Amlodipine Survival Evaluation Study Group. N Engl J Med 1996 Oct 10; 335(15):1107-14.

PRECEDE : (Predisposing, Reinforcing, Enabling, Causes in, Educational Diagnosis and Evaluation. Green), L.W. and Kreuter, M.W. Health Program Planning: An Educational and Ecological Approach. 4th edition. NY: McGraw-Hill Higher Education 2005.

PROCEED : (Policy, Regulatory, Organizational Constructs in Educational and Environmental Development), Green, L.W. and Kreuter, M.W. Health Program Planning: An Educational and Ecological Approach. 4th edition. NY: McGraw-Hill Higher Education 2005.

PROFESS : (Telmisartan to Prevent Stroke and Cardiovascular Events), Salim Yussuf et al. N Engl J Md 2008 Sept 18; 359(12):1225-37.

PROGRESS : (The Perindopril Protection against Recurrent Stroke Study) Randomised trial of a perindopril-based blood-pressure-lowering regimen among 6,105 individuals with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack. Lancet 2001 Sep 29; 358(9287):1033-41.

Prospective Studies Collaboration : Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lewington S, Clarke R, Qizilbash N, Peto R, Collins R;. Lancet 2002 Dec 14; 360(9349):1903-13.

RAVID : Ravid M. et al. Department of Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv (Israel) University. Long-term renoprotective effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. A 7-year follow-up study. Archives of Internal Medicine 156(3): 286-9, 1996 Feb 12.

RENAAL : Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med 2001 Sep 20; 345(12):861-9.

ROADMAP : Olmesartan for the Delay or Prevention of Microalbuminuria in Type 2 Diabetes. H Haller et al. N Engl J Med 2011; 364: 907-17.

SAVE : (The Survival And Ventricular Enlargement study). Pfeffer MA et al. Effect of captopril on mortality and morbidity in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. Results of the survival and ventricular enlargement trial. The SAVE Investigators. N Engl J Med. 1992 Sep 3; 327(10):669-77.

SCORE : Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation. Estimation of ten-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease in Europe: the SCORE project R.M. Conroy et al. on behalf of the SCORE project group. The European Society of Cardiology. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd 2003.

SHEP : Effect of diuretic-based antihypertensive treatment on cardiovascular disease risk in older diabetic patients with isolated systolic hypertension. Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program Cooperative Research Group. JAMA 1996 Dec 18; 276(23):1886-92.

SHEP-DM : Effect of Diuretic-based antihypertensive treatment on cardiovascular disease risk in older diabetic patients with isolated systolic hypertension. JAMA 1996, 276, 1886-92: Dec 18, 1996. No 23.

SOLVD : The SOLVD Investigattors. Effect of enalapril on mortality and the development of heart failure in asymptomatic patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions. N Engl J Med 1992 Sep 3; 327(10):685-91.

SPRINT : SPRINT Research Group, Wright JT Jr, Williamson JD, et al. A Randomized trail of Intensive versus Standard Blood-Pressure Control.N Engl J Med. 2015 Nov 26;373(22):2103-16.

STONE : The Shanghai trial of nifedipine in the elderly J Hypertens 1996 Oct; 14(10):1237-45.

STOP-1 : Morbidity and mortality in the Swedish Trial in Old Patients with Hypertension Lancet 1991 Nov 23; 338(8778):1281-5.

STOP-2: Randomised trial of old and new antihypertensive drugs in elderly patients: cardiovascular mortality and morbidity the Swedish Trial in Old Patients with Hypertension-2 study. Lancet 1999 Nov 20; 354(9192):1751-6.

SYST-EUR : Randomised double-blind comparison of placebo and active treatment for older patients with isolated systolic hypertension. The Systolic Hypertension in Europe Trial Investigators. Lancet 1997 Sep 13; 350(9080):757-64.

SYST-CHINA : Chinese trial on isolated systolic hypertension in the elderly. Systolic Hypertension in China (Syst-China) Collaborative Group. Arch Intern Med 2000 Jan 24; 160(2):211-20.

SYST-EUR-DM : Effects of calcium-channel blockade in older patients with diabetes and systolic hypertension. Systolic Hypertension in Europe Trial Investigators. N Engl J Med 1999 Mar 4; 340(9): 677-84.

STITCH : A Simplified Approach to the Treatment of Uncomplicated Hypertension: A Cluster Randomized, Controlled Trial. RD Feldman et al. Hypertension 2009; 53: 646-653.

STITCH : (A Simplified Approach to the Treatment of Uncomplicated Hypertension: A Cluster Randomised, Controlled Trial), Feldman Ross D. et al. Hypertension 2009; 53; 646-653.

SYMPLICITY HTN-2 : Renal sympathetic denervation in patients with treatment-resistant hypertension: a randomised controlled trial. Symplicity HTN-2 Investigators. Lancet 2010; 376: 1903–09.

TRACE : (The Trandolapril Cardiac Evaluation Study) Kober L et al. A clinical trial of the angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor trandolapril in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. Trandolapril Cardiac Evaluation Study Group. N Engl J Med 1995 Dec 21; 333(25):1670-6.

TRANSCEND : (Effects of the angiotensin-receptor blocker telmisartan on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients intolerant to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: a randomised controlled trial). Lancet 2008 Sep 27;372(9644):1174-83.

UKPDS 36 : Association of systolic blood pressure with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 36): prospective observational study. BMJ 2000 Aug 12; 321(7258):412-9.

UKPDS 38 : Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 38. UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. BMJ 1998 Sep 12; 317(7160):703-13.

UKPDS 39 : Efficacy of atenolol and captopril in reducing risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 39. UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. BMJ 1998 Sep 12; 317(7160):713-20.

Val-HeFT : A randomized trial of the angiotensin-receptor blocker valsartan in chronic heart failure N Engl J Med. 2001 Dec 6; 345(23):1667-75.

VALIANT : VALsartan In Acute myocardial iNfarcTion (VALIANT) trial: baseline characteristics in context. By Velazquez EJ, VALIANT Investigators, European Journal Of Heart Failure: Journal Of The Working Group On Heart Failure Of The European Society Of Cardiology Eur J Heart Fail, 2003 Aug; Vol. 5 (4), pp. 537-4.

VALIDD : Solomon SD, Janardhanan R, Verma A, et al. Effect of angiotensin receptor blockade and antihypertensive drugs on diastolic function in patients with hypertension and diastolic dysfunction: a randomised trial. Lancet 2007 Jun 23; 369(9579):2079-87.

VALUE : Effects of valsartan compared to amlodipine on preventing type 2 diabetes in high-risk hypertensive patients: the VALUE trial. By Kjeldsen SE, VALUE Trial Investigators, Journal Of Hypertension J Hypertens 2006 Jul; Vol. 24 (7), pp. 1405-12.

WHO/ISH 1999 : 1999 World Health Organization-International Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension. Guidelines Subcommittee. J Hypertens 1999 Feb; 17(2):151-83.

WHO/ISH 2003 : Whitworth JA for the World Health Organization, International Society of Hypertension Writing Group. 2003 World Health Organization (WHO)/International Society of Hypertension (ISH) statement on management of hypertension. J Hypertens 2003 Nov; 21(11): 1983-9.

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